{"id":7696,"date":"2019-12-04T12:21:59","date_gmt":"2019-12-04T12:21:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jewishmuseum.org.uk\/?p=7696"},"modified":"2019-12-04T12:21:59","modified_gmt":"2019-12-04T12:21:59","slug":"exploring-the-anti-trafficking-movement-in-twentieth-century-london","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jewishmuseum.org.uk\/2019\/12\/04\/exploring-the-anti-trafficking-movement-in-twentieth-century-london\/","title":{"rendered":"Exploring the anti-trafficking movement in twentieth century London"},"content":{"rendered":"

This post will look into one of the artifacts in the museum archive that links to the history of the anti-trafficking movement in London, Jewish women\u2019s history and the complexities of these at the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n

\"Script<\/p>\n

The document presents a letter of gratitude from The Jewish Association for the Protection of Girls and Women (JAPGW) to Joseph Pyke for gifting \u2018Sara Pyke House\u2019 to the organisation. The house was used as accommodation to rehabilitate girls and women and was later relocated to Highbury Quadrant in North London when more space was required<\/p>\n

This presents several questions, the main one being, what was JAPGW and how was this property used by the organisation to tackle Jewish trafficking and its effects in London.<\/p>\n

What was the Jewish Association for Protection of Girls and Women?<\/strong><\/p>\n

At the turn of the 20th<\/sup> century Jewish human trafficking was especially prominent in the crowded East London. With this came many ramifications including a fuel for further prejudice against Jewish immigrants, especially targeted at women.<\/p>\n

The Jewish Association for the Protection of Girls and Women was led by the Anglo-Jewish elite as a way to carry out philanthropic work for Jewish women at risk of being trafficked into sex work, a large proportion of which were working class immigrants.<\/p>\n

The JAPGW\u2019s method of doing this was both preventative in accompanying young female Jewish immigrants it deemed at risk, and combative by providing accommodation such as the house listed in the letter of gratitude and rehabilitating the women by providing them with a number of skills to help them acclimatise to life in England.<\/p>\n

It aimed to create \u2018respectable English women\u2019 through a moral education and training for an \u2018honest employment\u2019. After the woman were employed the association would send members to keep \u201ca watchful eye\u201d on them to make sure they didn\u2019t become vulnerable to trafficking or sex work again.<\/p>\n

Their work was not limited to England, they also carried out work in international Jewish campaigns against human trafficking in Argentina and Eastern Europe but it is unknown how successful this was.<\/p>\n

Philanthropy, women and Jewish culture \u2013 Lady Battersea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lady Battersea is one of the many Anglo-Jewish women in history who was invested in philanthropy.<\/p>\n

The article below describes her as being instrumental in starting the JAPGW along with many other women including Mrs Nathaniel Cohen.<\/p>\n

The property included in the letter of gratitude is described as being used as lodging and a rescue home called \u2018Charcroft House\u2019 and a \u2018Training Home\u2019 at Adeleide road in Chalk Farm are also mentioned.<\/p>\n

\"A<\/p>\n

Battersea was heavily influenced by her mother in her philanthropic pursuits and set in motion the start \u2018England\u2019s first politically oriented Jewish feminist movement\u2019.<\/p>\n

Much of the documented Jewish Feminist movement is post-war, however, the Battersea\u2019s accomplishments and work with the JAPGW could be seen as showing the beginning\u2019s to this, considering her motives to aid women in independence.<\/p>\n

The article below in the document seems to indicate she wasn\u2019t alone in her pursuits as it writes about other women at the time who were also involved. Lady Battersea was committed to the JAPGW until her death when she left a donation to the association in her will as detailed below.<\/p>\n

\"A<\/p>\n

Implications of the organisation\u2019s campaign against trafficking<\/strong><\/p>\n

Although the ambitions of the JAPGW were to help immigrants and women adapt to life in England safely and comfortably, new perspectives have been developed since then which shine a light on some of the negative consequences the association might have had on female Jewish immigrants in England at the time.<\/p>\n

The stereotyping and conflating of the trafficking victim and the sex-worker\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

At the time the JAPGW was operating in the late 19th<\/sup> and early 20th<\/sup> century, there was much rhetoric around the concept of white slavery, especially painting female victims as a \u201cna\u00efve and innocent victim\u201d or \u201ca figure of injured innocence\u201d.<\/p>\n

There was a damaging distinction made by the association between the \u2018unwilling trafficking victim\u2019 and the \u2018willing trafficking victim\u2019 referring to sex workers, the former seen as morally superior to the latter.<\/p>\n

Rather than having left home in search of independence and a better life the women were painted with fragility and naivety and therefore susceptible to being trafficked due to this nature.<\/p>\n

There are examples of the recruited women’s inability to write English being seen as a symptom of mental deficiency rather than its being their second language.<\/p>\n

This profiling added further stigmatisation to women who had immigrated to London in search of independence and engaged in sex work.<\/p>\n

With the same brush it painted victims of sex trafficking as weak, putting the onus on them for the trafficking. Representing trafficking as a \u2018self-instigated\u2019 crime was not only detrimental to immigrants who had chosen to engage in sex work and to women who were supposedly \u2018at risk\u2019 but also to the portrayal of the victims of trafficking.<\/p>\n

Through the distinction between the \u2018na\u00efve and weak women\u2019 who had fallen victim who had fallen victim to the trafficking and the \u2018respectable English woman\u2019 the association sought to transform them into, they were portrayed as the \u2018lesser than other\u2019 in comparison to the anglicised Jewish elite who had led the campaign.<\/p>\n

Rather than being empowered through independence they were being transformed into what was seen as a superior lifestyle.<\/p>\n

Racilisation of Crime<\/strong><\/p>\n

The stereotype of the Jewish trafficker and the \u2018contaminative and anti-national\u2019 prostitute as a category was an early example of the racialisation of crime.<\/p>\n

This caused a rise in the portrayal of Jewish immigrants as criminals through the semantics used in anti-immigration propaganda by journalists and politicians. This provided fuel to the backlash against the thousands of Polish and Russian Jews moving to the East End of London.<\/p>\n

It propelled the idea of \u2018Jewish Criminality\u2019 in London and so the decision for the JAPGW to promote public awareness of the Jewish trafficking involvement was not one that was made lightly. They were well aware that making the campaign public would enable anti-Semites to further enflame the stereotyping of Jewish immigrants as criminals.<\/p>\n

Despite this they went ahead with the mission and through the aforementioned stereotyping of female Jewish immigrants, they likely contributed to this form of racialisation of crime.<\/p>\n

Fighting human trafficking in the 21st century: Jewish organisations\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Although many of the issues mentioned still exist today, the flaws of the organisation were possibly symptomatic of their time and there has been much research and progression in the collective combating of human trafficking in all its forms.<\/p>\n

There are several charitable Jewish organisations aiming to tackle human trafficking in such as the Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism which campaigns to bring awareness and education to interfaith communities as they aim to engage in and combat human trafficking by providing online resources.<\/p>\n

T\u2019ruah is a US based Jewish human rights organisation that \u2018leads the charge in the Jewish community against modern-day slavery and human-trafficking\u2019 with a focus on the food supply chain.<\/p>\n

They partner with the Coalition of Immokalee workers and are a member of the ATEST group (the alliance to end slavery and trafficking).<\/p>\n

They educate and train rabbis in preventing trafficking and provide educational resources on their website.<\/p>\n

Questions to think about:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Where have you come across or taken part in action against human trafficking<\/li>\n
  2. What are the ways you can become involved?<\/li>\n
  3. Can you think of any examples of racialized crime that exist today?<\/li>\n
  4. Can you think of any examples of ant-immigration propaganda today?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Sources:<\/p>\n

    Attwood, R., 2016. Looking Beyond \u2018White Slavery\u2019: Trafficking, the Jewish Association, and the dangerous politics of migration control in England, 1890-1910.\u00a0Anti-Trafficking Review<\/em>, (7).<\/p>\n

    Childrenshomes.org.uk. (2019). (online) Available at: http:\/\/www.childrenshomes.org.uk\/MontefioreIS\/?LMCL=mK9b0p Accessed 7 Nov. 2019).<\/p>\n

    Cox, P. and Campling, J., 2002.\u00a0Gender, justice and welfare<\/em>. Palgrave.<\/p>\n

    Gartner, L.P., 1982. Anglo-Jewry and the Jewish international traffic in prostitution, 1885\u20131914.\u00a0AJS Review<\/em>,\u00a07<\/em>, pp.129-178.<\/p>\n

    Jwa.org. (2019).\u00a0Constance Lady Battersea Rothschild | Jewish Women’s Archive<\/em>. (online) Available at: https:\/\/jwa.org\/encyclopedia\/article\/rothschild-constance-lady-battersea (Accessed 7 Nov. 2019).<\/p>\n

    Knepper, P., 2006. British Jews and the Racialisation of Crime in the Age of Empire.\u00a0British Journal of Criminology<\/em>,\u00a047<\/em>(1), pp.61-79.<\/p>\n

    Knepper, P., 2007. \u201cJewish Trafficking\u201d and London Jews in the Age of Migration.\u00a0Journal of Modern Jewish Studies<\/em>,\u00a06<\/em>(3), pp.239-256.<\/p>\n

    Rothschildarchive.org. (2019).\u00a0Exhibitions \u2039 Faith & Charity :: The Rothschild Archive<\/em>. (online) Available at: https:\/\/www.rothschildarchive.org\/exhibitions\/faith_charity\/testimonial_from_the_jewish_association_for_the_protection_of_women_and_girls (Accessed 7 Nov. 2019).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    This post will look into one of the artifacts in the museum archive that links to the history of the anti-trafficking movement in London, Jewish women\u2019s history and the complexities of these at the turn of the 20th century. The document presents a letter of gratitude from The Jewish Association for the Protection of Girls […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":7697,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[325,138],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nExploring the anti-trafficking movement in twentieth century London - The Jewish Museum London<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This post will look into one of the artifacts in the museum archive that links to the history of the anti-trafficking movement in London, Jewish women\u2019s history and the complexities of these at the turn of the 20th century.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jewishmuseum.org.uk\/2019\/12\/04\/exploring-the-anti-trafficking-movement-in-twentieth-century-london\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Exploring the anti-trafficking movement in twentieth century London - 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